DEVELOPING SPEAKING MATERIALS TO IMPROVE NON- ENGLISH MAJOR LEARNERS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE IN SPEAKING PERFORMANCE

Abstract

This study aimed to develop speaking materials to enhance non-English department students’ self-confidence in speaking. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method, the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) was applied to create a speaking activity textbook. Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires, and observations, and validated by two English-speaking experts across nine aspects. A try-out was conducted with users, and the results were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The final product, “Speak with Confidence,” included material structure, objectives, exercises, activities, and language components. The textbook was clear, engaging, and appropriately challenging for students.